Controlled Injection
Cement Delivery Safeguards
The core of PVP is careful cement delivery. The goal is a stable fill with minimal leakage risk and immediate support to the fractured vertebra.
- Use fluoroscopic guidance throughout the injection so the cement column is visible at all times
- Stop injection immediately if cement nears the posterior vertebral wall or unwanted vascular/epidural spaces
- Typical cement volume is about 2.5 to 4.5 mL in lumbar vertebrae and slightly less in thoracic levels
- Withdraw the trocar only after adequate filling is confirmed and the cement tail is cleanly broken